{
  "marketplace": "Temu",
  "lastReviewed": "2026-11-03",
  "pageFamily": "Operating model evidence",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "temu-local-warehouse-products",
      "topic": "Local warehouse product ownership",
      "claim": "Products identified as local warehouse products are sold by third-party merchandise partners unless otherwise expressly indicated.",
      "evidenceType": "operating_model",
      "sourceTitle": "Temu U.S. Terms of Use",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.temu.com/terms-of-use.html",
      "sourceType": "Marketplace terms",
      "sourceDate": "2026-11-01",
      "firstObserved": "2026-10-31",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-11-03",
      "lastMaterialChange": "2026-11-01",
      "evidenceLevel": "A",
      "statusConfidence": "high",
      "whatEvidenceConfirms": [
        "Temu distinguishes products identified as local warehouse products.",
        "Those products are sold by third-party merchandise partners unless otherwise expressly indicated."
      ],
      "whatEvidenceDoesNotConfirm": [
        "Temu ownership of the warehouse.",
        "A public list of Temu-owned U.S. warehouse addresses.",
        "The operator or address of every local-warehouse seller location."
      ],
      "verificationNote": "Re-verified 2026-11-03: the U.S. Terms page displays “Last Updated: November 1, 2026” and retains the local-warehouse / third-party merchandise-partner sentence.",
      "changeHistory": [
        {
          "date": "2026-11-01",
          "eventType": "source_update",
          "summary": "Temu U.S. Terms displayed a November 1, 2026 update date while retaining the local-warehouse / third-party merchandise-partner distinction.",
          "sourceTitle": "Temu U.S. Terms of Use",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.temu.com/terms-of-use.html",
          "evidenceLevel": "A"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "temu-logistics-services",
      "topic": "Logistics operating model",
      "claim": "Temu Seller Center says Temu does not provide logistics services directly and instead offers integrated logistics solutions.",
      "evidenceType": "operating_model",
      "sourceTitle": "Temu Seller Center — fulfillment and seller protection",
      "sourceUrl": "https://seller.temu.com/login.html",
      "sourceType": "Seller center",
      "sourceDate": null,
      "firstObserved": "2026-10-31",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-11-03",
      "lastMaterialChange": null,
      "evidenceLevel": "A",
      "statusConfidence": "high",
      "whatEvidenceConfirms": [
        "Temu publicly distinguishes integrated logistics solutions from direct logistics service provision.",
        "Seller Center also states that products uploaded by local merchants receive a “Local Warehouse” label."
      ],
      "whatEvidenceDoesNotConfirm": [
        "Which logistics company handles a particular seller.",
        "Which warehouse is used for a particular SKU or order."
      ],
      "verificationNote": "Re-verified 2026-11-03: the sentence “Temu does not provide logistics services directly. Instead, we offer integrated logistics solutions…” is present in the public Seller Center copy. The page is a sign-in surface, so it carries no publication date.",
      "changeHistory": []
    },
    {
      "id": "pdd-logistics-partners",
      "topic": "Fulfillment partners",
      "claim": "PDD Holdings says Temu works with a global network of logistics vendors and fulfillment partners.",
      "evidenceType": "corporate_filing",
      "sourceTitle": "PDD Holdings Inc. Form 20-F (fiscal year ended 2025-12-31)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1737806/000110465926050727/pdd-20251231x20f.htm",
      "sourceType": "SEC filing",
      "sourceDate": "2025-12-31",
      "firstObserved": "2026-10-31",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-11-03",
      "lastMaterialChange": null,
      "evidenceLevel": "A",
      "statusConfidence": "high",
      "whatEvidenceConfirms": [
        "Temu’s corporate parent describes a global network of logistics vendors and fulfillment partners.",
        "The filing also states that products are delivered through third-party logistics service providers, third-party warehouse operators and/or pick-up point operators."
      ],
      "whatEvidenceDoesNotConfirm": [
        "A complete partner list.",
        "A complete address list.",
        "Temu ownership of partner-operated warehouses."
      ],
      "verificationNote": "Re-verified 2026-11-03 against the SEC-hosted filing text.",
      "changeHistory": []
    },
    {
      "id": "temu-local-cross-border-systems",
      "topic": "Local vs cross-border seller systems",
      "claim": "Temu partner documentation distinguishes local and cross-border seller authorization flows in the United States.",
      "evidenceType": "seller_system",
      "sourceTitle": "Temu Partner Platform — Seller Authorization Guide",
      "sourceUrl": "https://partner.temu.com/documentation?menu_code=38e79b35d2cb463d85619c1c786dd303",
      "sourceType": "Partner documentation",
      "sourceDate": "2026-01-06",
      "firstObserved": "2026-10-31",
      "lastReviewed": "2026-11-03",
      "lastMaterialChange": null,
      "evidenceLevel": "A-h",
      "statusConfidence": "medium",
      "whatEvidenceConfirms": [
        "The rendered Seller Authorization Guide states that cross-border and local sellers log in to different backends for operation authorization.",
        "Its authorization table lists separate U.S. rows for cross-border sellers and local sellers."
      ],
      "whatEvidenceDoesNotConfirm": [
        "That every local seller uses the same warehouse model.",
        "A Temu-owned warehouse network."
      ],
      "verificationNote": "JavaScript-rendered page. Re-verified 2026-11-03 by rendering it in a browser: the page displays “Last updated: 2026-01-06” and a seller-type table with U.S. rows for both Crossborder and Local sellers. The package’s 2026-01-07 date was not visible and has been corrected.",
      "changeHistory": [
        {
          "date": "2026-11-03",
          "eventType": "source_update",
          "summary": "Source date corrected to the value shown on the rendered page (2026-01-06); the local / cross-border authorization split remains documented.",
          "sourceTitle": "Temu Partner Platform — Seller Authorization Guide",
          "sourceUrl": "https://partner.temu.com/documentation?menu_code=38e79b35d2cb463d85619c1c786dd303",
          "evidenceLevel": "A-h"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}